Nursing Values in Baccalaureate Nursing Students

Nursing Values in Baccalaureate Nursing Students

Name

Institution Affiliation

Nursing Values in Baccalaureate Nursing Students

Title

The title of the article is self-sufficient where it gives the aim of the research. It is an analysis that targets at investigating the nursing values nurses acquire from their education. The study population are the nursing student, and it is evident from the title. Indeed, in the article, it involves students from four different nursing institutions. Therefore, the title is well analyzed to cater the need of the material.

Abstract

Unfortunately, the article did not have an abstract. Basically, according to Dewan & Gupta (2016), a strong abstract lays as a foundation to a sound argument. Right from the start, the reader is aware of the expected results in the paper hence better understanding. In this case, it is not evident in the article and thus minimizing the chances of prior knowledge of the paper's expectations.

Introduction

            Statement of Problem

However, using the introduction, the authors were able to introduce the paper hence giving the main aim efficiently. The statement of the problem was adequate for the research. Rose, Nies & Gupta (2016), formulated an easy and straightforward explanation of problem which involves the skills and values the nurses acquire from education. In the nurse professional, one has to consider the socialization process to establish a right attitude when serving the patients. Indeed, professional socialization is one of the most critical factors in any career path. From the approach, there are reliable details that link the nurses to the education they gain and how they use it to offer health services. The research methods involved engaging the nurses in the activities which were non-experimental and non-manipulative. The individuals involved were the student nurses, hence, justifying the use of the techniques. Generally, the approach was appropriate since it engaged everyone on their consent.

Research Questions

The research questions aim at giving the article a way forward to base all the arguments. In this case, the research questions were well stated making it easy to see the connection to the survey. For instance, the first question enquired the change of the skills and acceptable behavior as learning nurses increased the level of education. Secondly, it critiqued the factors that affect their performance in the health sector. The wording gives a clear flow of thoughts making it easy to comprehend. The study targeted the nurses in the different levels of education, that is, sophomore, juniors, and senior. Demographic information was collected and critically analyzed to reinforce the research. The existing knowledge acts as a supplement to the study and helpful when concluding (Rose, Nies & Gupta, 2016).

Literature Review

The literature review was up to date and based on reliable primary sources of information. For instance, according to Perreira & Berta, (2016), effective performance of the nurses in the job depends on factors like job satisfaction and also retention. It is evident that the source is only two years old since publishing and hence in line with current information. Further, there is substantial evidence of the problem at hand, that is, it analyses at the factors that affect how nursing professionals perform when it comes to their values. The literature laid a firm foundation for the new study since the information resulted from a variety of sources. Therefore, they provide brief prior knowledge used to prove different ideas. For instance, Rose, Nies & Gupta (2016) used information from Ovid Medline, PubMed, and Google Scholar which are all reliable sources of information. Thus, the sources act as agents of an excellent foundation to base different arguments.

Conceptual Framework

The research did not identify a conceptual framework to work within the study. However, based on the pre-existing information and the introduction, there was enough information to substitute the structure. The opening was concise enough to support the research and demonstrates the concepts conclusively.

Method

            Protection of Human Rights

The methods applied were non-experimental descriptive where they analyzed the non-manipulative variables involving the students. In the process, there was a student's assurance of anonymity during data collection.  As a result, it would not affect their school activities in any way. Besides, the program was voluntary where they had the freedom to withdraw anytime they feel uncomfortable. Internal Review Board (IRB) reviewed the study for validation. The board concluded it relevant to the society. The study eliminated the chances of risks by minimizing the direct meeting which ensured the security of information and identity. The participants received the data through the electronic media. It also notified them of the legibility to the study where they had the freedom to withdraw from the program.

Research Design

The research design was effective and facilitated a strong foundation to base the argument and conclusions. The use of a Survey Monkey platform facilitated a useful chance to approach the research questions. Using the Nursing Professional Value Scale-Revised (NPVS-R), the researchers collected data for the first research question. The whole process was not biased since the instrument was in line with the American Nurses Association (ANA) which entailed the Code of Ethics of the nurses. The data collected were analyzed using the factors like; caring, trust, professionalism, and justice (Rose, Nies & Gupta, 2016).

Data Collection, Instrument, Population, and Sample

The data collection and measurement procedures were well articulated to ensure useful interpretation. For instance, the instruments were well described to provide the reader with concepts involved in the operation. For the Survey Monkey method, the students were actively engaged in the open-ended questions to give their point of views regarding the factors influencing the adoption of nursing professional values. From the research, it was evident that the data was closely related to the information given by the baccalaureate.

Procedures

The research was well articulated and hence no need of intervention plan. Using the Survey Monkey method, the researcher critiqued the research question, therefore, eliminating the need to utilize the intervention plan. According to Heen, Lieberman & Miethe, (2014), an online platform like Survey Monkey has advantages of speed, cost-effective, and efficiency. The platform ensures the collection of data from a variety of sources in convenient ways.

Additionally, the consolidation process is reliable since it relies on a large population thus reducing biases. For instance, the participants from the baccalaureate system were from all races, genders, and age bracket. As a result, they all had equal chances to air their ideas and contribute to the research.

Results

            Data Analysis

The analyses aimed at ensuring the research questions were supportive to retrieve reliable data. The participants included sophomores, juniors, and seniors. From a total number of n=407, 42% of sophomores, 28% of juniors, and 29% of seniors participated in the analysis. The study used the statistical program NPVS-R which effectively analyzed all the possible errors.

Further, the research relied on confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) used to determine the different latent variables. Since there were different groups, there were chances of a different set of information and using the CFA; the variables were well compared to minimize the assumptions. In addition, using the Generalized Partial Credit Model (GPCM) is a practical approach to account for different responses from the participants and also look at the latent abilities. Therefore, the analytic method used was strong enough to narrow down to reliable data. The statistical techniques avoided the Type I and Type II errors. There was no rejected null hypothesis nor accepted null hypothesis. The study relied on the results derived from the research. The authors used intention-to-treat analysis since there was freedom to drop out of the survey and hence an effect on the final results. They used frequency counts of the responses from the specific participants. Thus, the writers based the conclusions on the exact answers replied disregarding the application forms of individuals who opted out of the program. For example, n=133 juniors only n=30 juniors availed for the study and hence ignored the 103 participants. Explanatory analyses for demographic variables came into play to compensate for the incomplete values in the evaluation. It accounted for the possible assumptions in the study to fit in the hypothesis.

Findings

The survey accounted for the statistical significance. From the initial target participants, that is, n=407, only 106 of the baccalaureate availed for the program. The size shrunk since individuals had the ground to except themselves from the program. However, using the number available, the target was reached since all the students participated adequately. In addition, from the 106, one individual withheld the information regarding the classification of the class in the institution. The research was well analyzed and the results adequately summarized. The demographic data was drafted in a table making it easy to comprehend. They also included gender, ethnicity, residential, and the percentage of individuals who responded. The authors used an approach of meta-analysis. According to Moher at al. (2015), a meta-analysis facilitates a proposal to support the hypothesis and also a strategy to help understand the research methods. Indeed, the theory was correct that the practice of nursing professional values in the nursing education increases as education advances from sophomore to seniors.  It provides a valid criterion to apply the evidence-based practice (EBP). It helps to decide the quality of services the nurse give based on the personal values.

Discussion

            Interpretation of Findings

The aim of the research was well analyzed where they confirmed that professional nurse practice increase as the learner advance in the education levels. The results were from the data analyzed by the NPVS-R which had a unique response as expected. The open-ended questions also played a role in concluding. Causal inference involves drawing conclusions based on a given connection due to the difference occurrence of issues which are general (Belloni et al., 2017). In this case, there is a different approach to the problem regarding the professional application between the sophomore and the junior students. From the method, there is a distinct connection between the issues they are learning in different levels of the education. The research was well interpreted using the data and information provided by participants.

Implications and Recommendation

There were implications in the research since it was self-reporting in nature. In such a case, there are factors difficult to control like errors, biases, and the level of participant's honesty. Also, generalizing that the baccalaureate represented the whole population limited the chances of having a variety of ideas. I recommend the information since from the basic answer of the first research question; it is evident that all the participants concurred on the strength and contribution of the values like honesty, integrity, respect of dignity, ethics and morals in good nursing professionalism.

General Issues

            Presentation,

The report follows a comprehensive format that allowed a simple understanding of the main agenda. The organization of the paper developed a well-laid strategy that according to the standards of a research paper. For example, the authors utilized self-explanatory heading which guides the reader to the content hence making it easy for analysis. It gave an avenue to the application of all the knowledge helpful to the nurses in their career. However, the paper did not utilize CONSORT flow chat. From the approach, there was no need to use it since the information was well laid making it easy to comprehend.

Research Credibility and Summary Assessment

Also, the researchers based all their arguments on facts and hence created a justifiable background. The methods of research qualified them for credible information which is quite reliable. Finally, despite the limitation, the information is adequately researched and hence reliable to offer support in the nursing industry. The study research is appealing and supported by arguable facts which are well supported. Therefore, I concur the usefulness of the information in the nursing discipline.

References

Belloni, A., Chernozhukov, V., FernNdez-Val, I., & Hansen, C. (2017). Program Evaluation and Causal Inference with High-Dimensional Data. Econometrica, 85(1), 233-298. doi:10.3982/ecta12723

Dewan, P., & Gupta, P. (2016). Writing the title, abstract and introduction: Looks matter! Indian Pediatrics, 53(3), 235-241. doi:10.1007/s13312-016-0827-y

Heen, M. S., Lieberman, J. D., & Miethe, T. D. (2014). A comparison of different online sampling approaches for generating national samples. Center for Crime and Justice Policy, CCJP, 1, 1-8.

Moher, D., Shamseer, L., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., . . . Stewart, L. A. (2015). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Systematic Reviews, 4(1). doi:10.1186/2046-4053-4-1

Perreira, T. A., & Berta, W. (2015). The object of your affection: How commitment, leadership and justice influence workplace behaviours in health care. Journal of Nursing Management, 24(2). doi:10.1111/jonm.12316

Polit, D.F., & Beck, C.T. (2017) Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer

Rose, T., Nies, M. A., & Reid, J. (2018). The internalization of professional nursing values in baccalaureate nursing students. Journal of Professional Nursing, 34(1), 25-30. doi:10.1016/j.profnurs.2017.06.004