Nursing Values in
Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Name
Institution
Affiliation
Nursing
Values in Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Title
The title of the
article is self-sufficient where it gives the aim of the research. It is an
analysis that targets at investigating the nursing values nurses acquire from
their education. The study population are the nursing student, and it is
evident from the title. Indeed, in the article, it involves students from four
different nursing institutions. Therefore, the title is well analyzed to cater
the need of the material.
Abstract
Unfortunately,
the article did not have an abstract. Basically, according to Dewan & Gupta
(2016), a strong abstract lays as a foundation to a sound argument. Right from
the start, the reader is aware of the expected results in the paper hence
better understanding. In this case, it is not evident in the article and thus
minimizing the chances of prior knowledge of the paper's expectations.
Introduction
Statement of Problem
However, using
the introduction, the authors were able to introduce the paper hence giving the
main aim efficiently. The statement of the problem was adequate for the
research. Rose, Nies & Gupta (2016), formulated an easy and straightforward
explanation of problem which involves the skills and values the nurses acquire
from education. In the nurse professional, one has to consider the socialization
process to establish a right attitude when serving the patients. Indeed,
professional socialization is one of the most critical factors in any career
path. From the approach, there are reliable details that link the nurses to the
education they gain and how they use it to offer health services. The research
methods involved engaging the nurses in the activities which were non-experimental
and non-manipulative. The individuals involved were the student nurses, hence,
justifying the use of the techniques. Generally, the approach was appropriate
since it engaged everyone on their consent.
Research Questions
The research questions
aim at giving the article a way forward to base all the arguments. In this
case, the research questions were well stated making it easy to see the
connection to the survey. For instance, the first question enquired the change
of the skills and acceptable behavior as learning nurses increased the level of
education. Secondly, it critiqued the factors that affect their performance in
the health sector. The wording gives a clear flow of thoughts making it easy to
comprehend. The study targeted the nurses in the different levels of education,
that is, sophomore, juniors, and senior. Demographic information was collected
and critically analyzed to reinforce the research. The existing knowledge acts
as a supplement to the study and helpful when concluding (Rose, Nies & Gupta,
2016).
Literature Review
The literature
review was up to date and based on reliable primary sources of information. For
instance, according to Perreira & Berta, (2016), effective performance of
the nurses in the job depends on factors like job satisfaction and also
retention. It is evident that the source is only two years old since publishing
and hence in line with current information. Further, there is substantial
evidence of the problem at hand, that is, it analyses at the factors that
affect how nursing professionals perform when it comes to their values. The
literature laid a firm foundation for the new study since the information
resulted from a variety of sources. Therefore, they provide brief prior knowledge
used to prove different ideas. For instance, Rose, Nies & Gupta (2016) used
information from Ovid Medline, PubMed, and Google Scholar which are all
reliable sources of information. Thus, the sources act as agents of an
excellent foundation to base different arguments.
Conceptual Framework
The research did
not identify a conceptual framework to work within the study. However, based on
the pre-existing information and the introduction, there was enough information
to substitute the structure. The opening was concise enough to support the
research and demonstrates the concepts conclusively.
Method
Protection of Human
Rights
The methods
applied were non-experimental descriptive where they analyzed the
non-manipulative variables involving the students. In the process, there was a
student's assurance of anonymity during data collection. As a result, it would not affect their school
activities in any way. Besides, the program was voluntary where they had the
freedom to withdraw anytime they feel uncomfortable. Internal Review Board
(IRB) reviewed the study for validation. The board concluded it relevant to the
society. The study eliminated the chances of risks by minimizing the direct
meeting which ensured the security of information and identity. The
participants received the data through the electronic media. It also notified
them of the legibility to the study where they had the freedom to withdraw from
the program.
Research Design
The research
design was effective and facilitated a strong foundation to base the argument
and conclusions. The use of a Survey Monkey platform facilitated a useful
chance to approach the research questions. Using the Nursing Professional Value
Scale-Revised (NPVS-R), the researchers collected data for the first research
question. The whole process was not biased since the instrument was in line
with the American Nurses Association (ANA) which entailed the Code of Ethics of
the nurses. The data collected were analyzed using the factors like; caring,
trust, professionalism, and justice (Rose, Nies & Gupta, 2016).
Data Collection, Instrument, Population,
and Sample
The data
collection and measurement procedures were well articulated to ensure useful
interpretation. For instance, the instruments were well described to provide
the reader with concepts involved in the operation. For the Survey Monkey method,
the students were actively engaged in the open-ended questions to give their
point of views regarding the factors influencing the adoption of nursing
professional values. From the research, it was evident that the data was
closely related to the information given by the baccalaureate.
Procedures
The research was
well articulated and hence no need of intervention plan. Using the Survey
Monkey method, the researcher critiqued the research question, therefore,
eliminating the need to utilize the intervention plan. According to Heen, Lieberman
& Miethe, (2014), an online platform like Survey Monkey has advantages of
speed, cost-effective, and efficiency. The platform ensures the collection of
data from a variety of sources in convenient ways.
Additionally,
the consolidation process is reliable since it relies on a large population
thus reducing biases. For instance, the participants from the baccalaureate
system were from all races, genders, and age bracket. As a result, they all had
equal chances to air their ideas and contribute to the research.
Results
Data Analysis
The analyses
aimed at ensuring the research questions were supportive to retrieve reliable
data. The participants included sophomores, juniors, and seniors. From a total
number of n=407, 42% of sophomores, 28% of juniors, and 29% of seniors
participated in the analysis. The study used the statistical program NPVS-R
which effectively analyzed all the possible errors.
Further, the
research relied on confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) used to determine the
different latent variables. Since there were different groups, there were
chances of a different set of information and using the CFA; the variables were
well compared to minimize the assumptions. In addition, using the Generalized
Partial Credit Model (GPCM) is a practical approach to account for different
responses from the participants and also look at the latent abilities. Therefore,
the analytic method used was strong enough to narrow down to reliable data. The
statistical techniques avoided the Type I and Type II errors. There was no
rejected null hypothesis nor accepted null hypothesis. The study relied on the
results derived from the research. The authors used intention-to-treat analysis
since there was freedom to drop out of the survey and hence an effect on the
final results. They used frequency counts of the responses from the specific
participants. Thus, the writers based the conclusions on the exact answers
replied disregarding the application forms of individuals who opted out of the
program. For example, n=133 juniors only n=30 juniors availed for the study and
hence ignored the 103 participants. Explanatory analyses for demographic
variables came into play to compensate for the incomplete values in the
evaluation. It accounted for the possible assumptions in the study to fit in
the hypothesis.
Findings
The survey
accounted for the statistical significance. From the initial target
participants, that is, n=407, only 106 of the baccalaureate availed for the program.
The size shrunk since individuals had the ground to except themselves from the
program. However, using the number available, the target was reached since all
the students participated adequately. In addition, from the 106, one individual
withheld the information regarding the classification of the class in the
institution. The research was well analyzed and the results adequately
summarized. The demographic data was drafted in a table making it easy to
comprehend. They also included gender, ethnicity, residential, and the
percentage of individuals who responded. The authors used an approach of
meta-analysis. According to Moher at al. (2015), a meta-analysis facilitates a
proposal to support the hypothesis and also a strategy to help understand the
research methods. Indeed, the theory was correct that the practice of nursing
professional values in the nursing education increases as education advances
from sophomore to seniors. It provides a
valid criterion to apply the evidence-based practice (EBP). It helps to decide
the quality of services the nurse give based on the personal values.
Discussion
Interpretation of
Findings
The aim of the
research was well analyzed where they confirmed that professional nurse
practice increase as the learner advance in the education levels. The results
were from the data analyzed by the NPVS-R which had a unique response as
expected. The open-ended questions also played a role in concluding. Causal inference
involves drawing conclusions based on a given connection due to the difference
occurrence of issues which are general (Belloni et al., 2017). In this case, there
is a different approach to the problem regarding the professional application
between the sophomore and the junior students. From the method, there is a
distinct connection between the issues they are learning in different levels of
the education. The research was well interpreted using the data and information
provided by participants.
Implications and Recommendation
There were
implications in the research since it was self-reporting in nature. In such a
case, there are factors difficult to control like errors, biases, and the level
of participant's honesty. Also, generalizing that the baccalaureate represented
the whole population limited the chances of having a variety of ideas. I
recommend the information since from the basic answer of the first research
question; it is evident that all the participants concurred on the strength and
contribution of the values like honesty, integrity, respect of dignity, ethics
and morals in good nursing professionalism.
General Issues
Presentation,
The report
follows a comprehensive format that allowed a simple understanding of the main
agenda. The organization of the paper developed a well-laid strategy that
according to the standards of a research paper. For example, the authors
utilized self-explanatory heading which guides the reader to the content hence
making it easy for analysis. It gave an avenue to the application of all the
knowledge helpful to the nurses in their career. However, the paper did not
utilize CONSORT flow chat. From the approach, there was no need to use it since
the information was well laid making it easy to comprehend.
Research Credibility and Summary Assessment
Also, the
researchers based all their arguments on facts and hence created a justifiable
background. The methods of research qualified them for credible information
which is quite reliable. Finally, despite the limitation, the information is
adequately researched and hence reliable to offer support in the nursing
industry. The study research is appealing and supported by arguable facts which
are well supported. Therefore, I concur the usefulness of the information in the
nursing discipline.
References
Belloni, A., Chernozhukov, V., FernNdez-Val, I., &
Hansen, C. (2017). Program Evaluation and Causal Inference with
High-Dimensional Data. Econometrica, 85(1), 233-298.
doi:10.3982/ecta12723
Dewan, P., & Gupta, P. (2016).
Writing the title, abstract and introduction: Looks matter! Indian
Pediatrics, 53(3), 235-241. doi:10.1007/s13312-016-0827-y
Heen,
M. S., Lieberman, J. D., & Miethe, T. D. (2014). A comparison of different
online sampling approaches for generating national samples. Center for Crime
and Justice Policy, CCJP, 1, 1-8.
Moher, D., Shamseer, L., Clarke, M.,
Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., . . . Stewart, L. A. (2015). Preferred
reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P)
2015 statement. Systematic Reviews, 4(1).
doi:10.1186/2046-4053-4-1
Perreira, T. A., & Berta, W. (2015). The object of your
affection: How commitment, leadership and justice influence workplace
behaviours in health care. Journal
of Nursing Management, 24(2).
doi:10.1111/jonm.12316
Polit, D.F., & Beck, C.T.
(2017) Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice
(10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer
Rose, T., Nies, M. A., & Reid, J.
(2018). The internalization of professional nursing values in baccalaureate
nursing students. Journal of Professional Nursing, 34(1), 25-30.
doi:10.1016/j.profnurs.2017.06.004
